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Geographical terms of Latin origin

Against the claims of R. Roesler's theory, the continuity of the Romanian people on this territory has been admitted by a lot of foreign scholars who had connections with our country since the 10th century. This people has been an island of latinity in central and eastern Europe surrounded by slavic and finno-ugrian elements. (Ucraine, Russia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia are inhabited by slavic peoples and Hungary by an finno-ugrian people) The words denominating the main forms of relief have been inherited with very few alterations from Latin. The Romanian words "tara" and "pamant" are also of Latin origin but their meaning has been slightly changed from the original. There are justified explanations to this fact. The word pacura has a special situation, being a word of Latin origin that can be found only in Romanian. The terms for geographical elements and human settlements that were of Latin origin have been lost in time, as they have suffered foreign influences due to the fact that a lot of settlements have been destroyed with the time. Let us look at a possible dialogue between two Romanians, in which the words denominating geographical relities have been underlined.

" - Ave! I've just came back from the sea, how do I get to vicus Casianus ? Is it far away? - It is not far, after a day of walking you'll get here. You walk on the field untill you get to the river. You climb the river's valley and you'll find the village ! " One of the arguments brought by the supporters of the theory against the continuity of the Romanian people on this territory and the Latin character of the present inhabitants of this land was the poor romanisation of Dacia. According to what R Roesler , the father of this theory, claimed :' In Dacia, on a poorly populated territory, surrounded by a hostile population, a mere colony was set up, in which the Romanian character had no deep roots as it did not have the large scope secured by a conquest in spirit of the native population. Hence the easy dissolution of its Roman character later, when not even as much as what was left in Britannia or Noricum survived. It simply vanished like a polish.' The idea has been repeated by others like Hunfalw, Buday, Treml, etc., who ignored the obvious, i.e. the Roman character of the Romanian people, the only one confessing its origin in its name: roman from romanus, and whose Roman origin has been recognised by a lot of foreign scholars who have come into contact with the Romanian people since the 10th century.

For all the essential aspects of human life Latin terms are used in Romanian. Looking at the geographical terms, the ones designating the environment, the home and its surroundings, we can show that the most important are of Latin origin. Thus for the forms of relief, we use words like munte( Lat: mons, montem) ; câmp ( Lat: campus) and its derivative câmpie; râu ( Lat: rivus) ; vale ( Lat: valis) ; mare (Lat: maris) ; ocean (Lat oceanus) ; padure (Lat: padule) . Consequently, to denominate the fundamental geographical elements the Romanians use words of Latin origin .The words have preserved their root, which was rarely altered, only the inflections being slightly changed or dropped altogether. A special case is the word pamânt, a typically rural term, which comes from the Latin word pavimentum, which means 'pavement' or 'floor', so a typically urban term. This may prove that there were a lot of town dwellers at the time as well The more common word terra was also known but it did not survive as it did in the other Romance languages. Terra was preserved in our language with its derived meaning of t,ara (country) One possible explanation for pavimentum to have prevailed over terra may be that when the towns of Dacia were threatened by the migrating populations that sought them with priority , a part of the town dwellers fled to the villages around and some of their words were borrowed by the villagers as well. In any case, the existence of this word reveals the importance of the town life in Dacia.

A word that does not exist in any other Romance language is pacura, coming from the Latin picula. It could not have been born anywhere else but to the North of the Danube, where the crude oil has been known and used since times immemorial, so not in the South, as neither the Romans nor the Mediaeval people had such wells. Of particular interest is the fact that this word is very frequent in the names of a lot of places on the whole Romanian territory Pacura, Valea Pacurii, Pacurile ( plural form), Pacuricea (diminutive), in Moldova and Tara Romaneasca (Valachia) and Pacureni ( the people working there) in Transilvania. The Latin origin of this word and the exclusive use of this fuel in the Carpathians lead us to the conclusion that a romanic population has continually existed on this land.

The Roman villages were born around the dwellings of some colonists. Children, workers, etc. settled there until it turned into a real pagus or vicus. Thus there were vicus Clementinus, vicus Verobrittianus, vicus Celeris, vicus Qintionis, vicus Secundini in Dobrogea. These names have not survived in Romanian as ,naturally, some settlements have disappeared with time. The names of places are mostly of Dacian origin because they were already established and there was no need to change them. Some others were changed only later, under foreign influence.